'A nd do not incline towards the oppressors, or you will be burned by the Fire, and you will not have any protectors aside from Allah, and you will not be helped.” [ 11:113] According to Al-Zamakhshari – the great scholar of Arabic, Hadeeth, and Tafseer who died in 1143 CE – as well as Al-Shawkani – the great Mujtahid who died 1834 CE – may Allah’s mercy be upon them both, the “inclination” mentioned in this Ayah is referring to approving of the transgressions of an oppressor, to show consent towards their ways, to express approval before them or others, to co-operate with them in their oppression, to befriend them, to visit them, or to physically resemble them. Ibn Abbas (ra) elaborated, “Do not incline toward them with love, nor soften your speech with them and show kindness.” Al-Suddi (rh) and Ibn Sayd (rh) said, “Do not flatter the tyrants.” Ikrama (rh) said, “Leaning toward love of them is when you obey them and show affection to them.” Abu Aliyah (rh) said, “Do not be please...
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